1. bedrock - bato
2. stone -bato
3. . clod - tigkal na lupa, kimpal
4. gold - ginto
5. . silver - pilak
6. . copper - tanso
7. . iron - bakal
8. metal - metal
9. . rust - kalawang
10. mine - mina
11. mountain - bundok
12. peak of mountain - ituktok, taluktok
13. . base of mountain - paanan ng bundok
14 . cliff - talampas
15. cave - kuweba
16 . hill - burol
17. mound - tambak, bunton
18 . slope - dalisdis, libis
19 . valley - lambak, labak
20. plain - patag
21. forest, jungle - gubat
22. forest, wilderness - kagubatan, kasukalan
23. desert - disyerto
24 . thorny - madawag

A.3 WATER

1. water - tubig
2. steam - singaw
3. to fetch water - mag-igib, sumalok ng tubig
4. to drink - uminom
5. thirsty -uhaw, nauuhaw
6. spring - bukal
7. well - balon
8. artesian well - poso
9. river - ilog
10. brook (shallow seasonal) - sapa
11. creek (permanent stream) - batis
12. waterfall - talon
13. wave -alon
14. lake, pond, small pool - lawa
15. deep pool - dagat-dagatan
16. ocean, sea - dagat-karagatan
17. shore - baybayin, tabing-dagat, tabing-ilog
18. to flow - umagos
19. to overflow boundary - umapaw
20. flood - baha
21. subside, recede - kumati
22. evaporate, dry up - matuyo
23. dried ground, parched - tigang
24. swamp, march - lati, latian
25. drown - malunod, maanod
26. to submerge - ilubog
27. to drip - tumulo, pumatak, patak
28. drop - patak
29. to pour -isalin
30. to spill -ibubo, itapon
31. to float - lumutang
32. to swim -maglangoy, langoy-aso
33. to dive -sumisid
34. wet -nabasa
35. to soak - pigtain
36. to dip -ilubog
37. dry - tuyo
38. to dry by exposing to sun -ibilad
39. to dry by draining - limasin
40. to dry by heat of fire - idarang

A.4 VEGETATION

A.4.1 General

1. plant - halaman
2. tree -puno
3. trunk - katawan ng puno
4. branch -sanga
5. twig - maliliit na sanga
6. leaf -dahon
7. luxuriant foliage - yabong
8. top of plant - talbos
9. bark - banakal, balat ng kahoy
10. root - ugat
11. sap - dagta
12. stump - tuod
13. stem (of fruit flower) - tangkay
14. seed - binhi
15. sprout - sumibol, tumubo
16. growing - lumalaki
17. matured - malaki na, magulang na
18. flower, blossom - bulaklak
19. petal - talulot
20. fruit - bunga, prutas